The Problem of Suffering

My references to suffering within this article allude to those circumstances where pain and grief seem to exclude hope of joy and peace.

Most people won’t complain much over a paper cut, but the physical pain of severe burns or the despairing emotional pain at the loss of a child will often cause people to question, if not the existence of God, then at least His care for them.

However, the real quandary for most is why the innocent suffer. I have never heard anyone say: “If there’s a God, why did he allow Hitler to suffer?” But have heard of many reject God after the death of a child or other severe "unfair" trauma.

This is an attempt to address the problem of suffering in a world the bible says was created by an all-powerful and all good God.

_{I, as always, lean on the wisdom of others who have gone before me, some of whose writings you may recognise in the course of this article. If I could, I would offer a special thanks to C.S. Lewis.}

The Problem

“If God were good, He would wish to make His creatures perfectly happy, and if God were almighty He would be able to do what He wished. But the creatures are not happy. Therefore God lacks either goodness, or power, or both.”

This has been a question re-coined down through the ages. It is a good question as questions go, but the answer is one requiring serious consideration and thought. I find God is too quickly rejected by many based on their token understanding of all the facts.

The question, to be answered correctly, requires at least attempting to see things through Gods eyes, as far as is possible for we mortals -- accepting that there will be things we can't understand.

Looking more closely at the above question, we see it has flaws, in that it assumes too much:

• _{It assumes that the reason God doesn't take action is because He is powerless}
• _{It assumes that God sees the problem of our suffering in the same light we do}
• _{It assumes that God wills His creation to be perfectly happy on this earth}
• _{It assumes that mans earthly happiness is Gods main concern for man}
• _{It assumes that God and mans idea of good are one and the same}
• _{It assumes that He hasn’t done anything}

To answer the problem of suffering when God is supposed to be all-powerful and good, we must first of all understand what is meant by God being all powerful (omnipotent), secondly what is implied by God being good, and thirdly, in what context does God desire mans happiness.

If God wanted to stop human suffering but couldn’t, then maybe it could be said that God was not all-powerful. However, before that conclusion can be made, we first must examine several questions;

• Maybe God cannot or will not stop human suffering, not because of limits to his power, but because of some other restriction He has placed on Himself or purpose he has placed in the creation.
• Does God want human suffering to stop? If He doesn’t, then is there a good reason why not? If He does, then what has He done about it, and why doesn’t He do more?

Before we look at those questions, however, we first have to better understand the concept of what almighty means.

Gods Omnipotence

When we read in the Bible that “with God all things are possible” (Matt 19:26), we should not automatically assume that this statement can be applied in all and every senses, else we can come up with some rather nonsensical conclusions that contradict all reason, common sense and wisdom.

We cannot, therefore, use this passage to claim such contradictory things as, “God can exist and not exist”, or that he can “Create and destroy an object at the same instant”. Such silly conclusions are not supported by this passage. In context Christ is saying that all things impossible to man are possible with God. All things that are possible to do, God can do.

Gods almighty power is founded in the fact that He can do all that is intrinsically possible to do, not intrinsically impossible. That is to say that God can do all things that are in accord with something’s core nature, but cannot do that which contradicts that fundamental nature.

This is why we read it is impossible for God to lie (Titus 1:2); it goes against His intrinsic nature. This is not a contradiction of Matthew 19:26 where it says, “all things are possible with God”, because that passage is not referring to the fundamentally impossible.

For the same reason, God cannot make sin good; sin will never be seen as good in Gods eyes and He cannot make it so. He cannot make something both light and dark at the same time, for the core trait of darkness is the absence of light, therefore not even God can make them one in the same thing. Nor can God force a man to repent, for biblical repentance comes from the core trait of free will. Therefore to ‘force repentance’ is an oxymoron.

One may attribute miracles to God, those things outside human ability or natural phenomenon, but not nonsense. If you choose to say “God can give a creature free will and at the same time withhold free will from it,” you have not succeeded in saying anything about God: meaningless combinations of words do not suddenly acquire meaning simply because we prefix to them the two other words “God can”. God cannot do the intrinsically impossible, not because His power meets an obstacle, but because nonsense remains nonsense even when discussed with God in context. (C.S.Lewis)

Mans free Will

Van Inwagen gave the classic free-will explanation of the existence of evil:

"To ask God to give me free choice between x and y and to see to it that I chose x instead of y is to ask him to do the logically impossible."

So, then, the question arises, is human suffering something that God is powerless to stop?
OR
Is suffering something He chooses not to stop for reasons other than a lack of power.

I think the answer must begin with an acknowledgement that man is in a serious predicament. The predicament hinges on the fact that God made man as a free moral agent (a free spirit). This means simply that each individual is free to choose their own path in life, make their own decisions, act and speak as they decide.

But why is this the core of the predicament to the problem of suffering?

Well, quite simply, because man chooses to live much of his/her life in opposition to the will of God. The bible calls this Sin. And sin causes suffering.

There is only two ways God could put a stop to human earthly suffering.

• He could destroy every sinner, or
• He could take away man’s free choice.

However the bible clearly says that all men sin (and therefore to various degrees we all contribute to suffering), therefore he would have to destroy everyone.

Yet the bible also says that after death comes judgement, and the scriptures are very clear about where unforgiven sinners will go – and that would hardly be solving our problem.

2 Peter 3:9 tells us that God doesn't wish anyone to perish eternally -- he does not desire for us to suffer.

As hard as the topic of hell is, it remains a clear biblical teaching. However, for this writer the sufferings represented by such a domain finds definition not in deliberately placed tortures but in the fact that it is a place devoid of God; where God has withdrawn his influence and power and presence.

Such a place, absent of the source of good, has become devoid of anything good. All that man cherishes as a blessing are absent in hell; light, warmth, hope, sight, sound, touch...

And that is why God doesn't simply destroy the world and the sinners in it; for most of mankind that would simply be a case of ‘out of the frying pan into the fire’.

As to removing man’s free choice, such an act would make man no more than a puppet or a machine. God doesn’t want drones, that wasn't his intent in creation. He wants men and woman to do His will because they choose to, because that's what they were designed to do; because that is how they exist to the fullest.

But not because He lacks power. He could destroy all that He has made in an instant. Rather it is impossible because at its root the cause of mans suffering, his free will, is something God has chosen not to overrule -- but which man refuses to surrender.

As a free moral agent, mans actions are up to him; his choices are not predetermined. Therefore man is free to make the wrong choices, to hurt himself, and to hurt others. If God is to allow man to be fully man, He must allow man that freedom; and God allows man such freedom for man’s own good. -- Would you prefer to be a robot, a puppet?

He allows this freedom for the good of others. Our freedom means we are free to sacrifice, to love, and to serve others.

He also allows this freedom for God’s glory. He made man to glorify his God, but there is no glory in man’s serving his Creator if man has no alternative.

We can, perhaps, conceive of a world in which God corrected the results of this abuse of free will by His creatures at every moment: so that a wooden beam became as a soft blade of grass when used as a weapon, and the air refused to carry my voice if my choice of words were harsh, dishonest, or rude. However in such a world, painful words & actions would be impossible, but so also would be the ability to exercise ones free will; and therefore in this type of world you have done away with life as we know it. (C.S. Lewis)

Does that mean God is powerless to resolve mankind's predicament?

As we’ve see, God cannot simply end man’s earthly suffering, because the cure would be worse for man than the problem, and therefore unacceptable to God.

However, God has done what he can, God came into our history. He became human like us!

From Hebrews we read, “But we do see Him who has been made for a little while lower than the angels, namely, Jesus, because of the suffering of death crowned with glory and honor, that by the grace of God He might taste death for everyone” (Hebrews 2:9; see also Hebrews 1:1- 3; 4:14-16).

Although God, because of mans rebellion and sin, cannot practically remove earthly suffering (not even Christ could avoid that), He provides a way for His sinful creation to escape eternal suffering and gives them the hope of home in heaven with Him, where there will be no more suffering.

According to the Bible, however, God’s solution to the problem will not appeal to the bulk of mankind. And the reason -- because they prefer their own will -- either refusing to believe or not caring what God says or has done.

And that raises an interesting point - God Suffers.

• He suffers from man’s sin, should He then remove the cause of His suffering?

And that leads us to Gods goodness. A God, the Bible teaches, toward whom we have caused grief, and yet he still shows mercy and patience; even willing to die for us.

God's Goodness

On the one hand, if God is wiser than we, His judgement must differ from ours on many things, and not least on what is good and evil. What seems to us good may therefore not be good in His eyes, and what seems to us evil may not be evil to God (Many passages in the scriptures tell us this).

Nowadays when most refer to God's goodness they make a vague allusion to His love for them and all mankind, and when they speak of His love they inevitably allude to His acceptance of them. In fact what would really satisfy most people would be a God who said of anything they happened to choose to do, “What does it matter, so long as you are contented.”

People want a God whose main plan for the universe is that “A good day was had by all”. But that is not in Gods agenda, not because He doesn’t want man’s happiness, but because He acknowledges that sin has made that impossible.

The surprising thing for many people to find is that because God is good, He actually uses suffering as a tool in an attempt to change people. Because pain insists upon being attended to, therefore God uses it. He whispers to us in our pleasures, speaks to us in our conscience, but shouts in our pains: it is His megaphone to rouse a deaf world.(C.S.Lewis)

You see, a contented sinner will never acknowledge their need for God; the fact they’re lost. But shake that sinners life up and you just may get them to see their state, and maybe, just maybe, get them to repent, be saved, get to heaven, and what will the troubles of this world matter after a thousand years in heaven, especially if it was those very troubles that provided the catalyst for your salvation.

Therefore we see that the very suffering man sees as evil and unjust, God may be using to try and save his creation, by getting them to see their sin, there lost state, and the fact that all men will die, and then face judgement at the feet of God.

Even the Christian Suffers

The book of Job asks the question: “Why do the righteous suffer?”

In Psalm 73 the Psalmist noted the prosperity of the wicked and concluded that it was useless to try to live righteously .

Habakkuk asked how God could be silent “when the wicked swallow up those more righteous than they” (Habakkuk 1:13). Or, as someone put it, “Why is God silent while evil rages?”

Ironically, it seems it is hardest is to turn our thoughts to God when everything is going well with us. The default behaviour in having everything that we want means we fail to notice that God wants to give us something better; but he cannot because our arms are full.

To get us to listen to His offer, what can God do but make our lives less agreeable to us by taking away the sources of false happiness; and this allusion of happiness is often strongest in some very honest, kind, and temperate people, and on such therefore, misfortune must fall.

CS Lewis gives a good analogy concerning the humble dog.

Now the dog is by human standards one of the best of creatures, a proper object for a man to love, therefore man interferes with the dog and makes it more lovable than it was in mere nature. In its state of nature it has a smell, and habits, which frustrate man’s love: so he washes it, house trains it, teaches it not to steal, and is so enabled to love it more completely. To the puppy the whole proceeding would seem, if it were a theologian, to cast grave doubts on the goodness of man: but the full grown and full-trained dog, now admitted, as it were by grace, to a whole world of affections, loyalties, interests, and comforts entirely beyond what it could have expected if allowed to remain wild, that full grown dog would have no such doubts as to the goodness of its master.

It will be noted that the man takes all these pains with the dog, and gives all these pains to the dog, only because it is an animal high in the scale-because it is so nearly lovable that it is worth his while to make it fully lovable. He does not house-train the earwig or give baths to centipedes. We may wish, indeed, that we were of so little account to God that He left us alone to follow our natural impulses-that he would give over trying to train us into something so unlike our natural selves: but once again, we are not asking for more love, but for less.

God often allows suffering because He loves.

The bible speaks of another reason for suffering which this article will not address further, other then to mention it (and let the reader pursue).

That reason is spoken of eloquently in the letter to the church in Ephesus (6:12), which reads:

For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.

It is not just God at work in this world. Although God is completely in control, he allows this battle to take place, even wills it for reasons we may not be able to comprehend. But just as in Job's case, when in the midst of fiery trial it is not our place to accuse God of injustice and abandon him, but instead to entrust ourselves to him through it. We are promised ultimate victory when we do.

We are called not to see things through our eyes, but through Gods

_{This article has not specifically addressed the issue of suffering as the result of the environment, I.e. natural disaster etc.. However, the bible answers this question also... which I may write about in a future article.}